Survival of Trade Across Lake Victoria During the First World War: A Historical Perspective

Authors

Abstract

The First World War (1914–1918) had far-reaching consequences on global and regional commercial networks. Lake Victoria, a transport and economic hub in East Africa became an area of interest between the Germs in Tanganyika and the British in East Africa (British East African protectorate and Uganda) where each power sought to disrupt the general supply and the commercial progresses of one another during the First World War. This study investigates the survival of trade across the lake amidst the hostilities and fear in the region caused by the War. Employing Economic Resilience, Informal Economy and Regional Integration Theories, this study illustrates the persistence of trade across the lake during the war period. The study holds that strategic interests of colonial powers and pre-existing trade relations sustained commerce across the lake during the war period. Local traders adjusted to wartime conditions by employing informal techniques including smuggling and barter systems. In the same vein British and German colonial officials reluctantly compromised some level of trade for sustainability of their respective economic interests.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63942/brjssh.v5.i7.p5.58902

Keywords:

First World War, Informal Techniques, Lake Victoria, Survival, Trade
Listen & explore

Introduction audio

A spoken introduction to this research.

Open audio file

Research ID

Universal Unique Research ID

97953ed1-8788-4316-a787-4dfd6b01b145

Figures

Select a figure to view the full image.

Figure-1.1_Trade-across-Lake-Victoria-during-the-First-World-War-.png
Figure 1: Figure-1.1_Trade-across-Lake-Victoria-during-the-First-World-War-.png
Figure-3.1_Tonnages-Transported-through-the-Lake-between-1903-to1911.png
Figure 2: Figure-3.1_Tonnages-Transported-through-the-Lake-between-1903-to1911.png

References

Anyumba, G. (1995). Kisumu town: History of the built form, planning and environment: 1890–1990. Delft University Press.

Bertho, F. (2010). Maritime transport in Australia: The impacts and benefits of structural. [Publisher information missing].

Boeke, J. H. (1910). Tropische-koloniale staathuishoudkunde: Het probleem. [Publisher information missing].

De Lombaerde, P., & Van Langenhove, L. (2006). Indicators of regional integration: Conceptual and methodological aspects. In P. De Lombaerde & L. Van Langenhove (Eds.), Assessment and measurement of regional integration (pp. 27–59). Routledge.

Ford, V. C. R. (1955). The trade of Lake Victoria: A geographical study. East African Literature Bureau; East African Institute of Social Research.

Garmezy, N., & Masten, A. S. (1986). Stress, competence, and resilience: Common frontiers for therapist and psychopathologist. Behavior Therapy, 17(5), 500–521.

German East Africa. (1916–1917). [Colonial records]. [Archive and collection information missing].

Godfrey, P. C. (2011). Toward a theory of the informal economy. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 231–277.

Gregory, A. (2008). The last great war: British society and the First World War. Cambridge University Press.

Hart, K. (1985). The informal economy. Cambridge Anthropology, 54–58.

Hart, K. (2010). Africa’s urban revolution and the informal economy. In The political economy of Africa (pp. 389–406). Routledge. [Editor information missing].

Holmes, C. F. (1971). Zanzibari influence at the southern end of Lake Victoria: The lake route. African Historical Studies, 4(3), 477–503.

Kimbugwe, K., Perdikis, N., Yeung, M. T., & Kerr, W. A. (2012). Regional integration theory. In Economic development through regional trade: A role for the new East African Community? (pp. 76–98). [Publisher and editor information missing].

Kisumu Province. (1908). Annual Report, 1907/08. [Archive and publisher information missing].

Klovland, J. T. (2017). Navigating through torpedo attacks and enemy raiders: Merchant shipping and freight rates during World War I (NHH Dept. of Economics Discussion Paper No. 07). NHH Norwegian School of Economics.

MacKenzie, J. (1985). The naval campaigns on Lakes Victoria and Nyasa, 1914–18. The Mariner's Mirror, 71(2), 169–182.

Maddox, G. H. (1998). Networks and frontiers in colonial Tanzania. Environmental History, 3(4), 436–459.

Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2017). Competitiveness and regional economic resilience. In Handbook of regions and competitiveness (pp. 287–307). Edward Elgar Publishing. [Editor information missing].

Nakyonyi, A. (2011). Maritime safety on Lake Victoria: Analysis of the legal and regulatory framework [Master's thesis, Lund University].

O'Brien, P. P. (2015). How the war was won: Air-sea power and Allied victory in World War II. Cambridge University Press.

Ogot, B. A. (Ed.). (1976). Hadith 5: Economic and social history of East Africa. Kenya Literature Bureau.

Ojala, J., & Tenold, S. (2016). Maritime trade and merchant shipping: The shipping/trade-ratio from the 1870s until today (NHH Dept. of Economics Discussion Paper No. 12). NHH Norwegian School of Economics.

Olali Odula, F. (2024). Unlocking the maritime potential of Lake Victoria by the riparian states. [Source and publisher information missing].

Onduru, T. A. (1992). Some aspects of economic change in Kano, Kenya, 1850–1963 [Unpublished MA thesis]. University of Nairobi.

Opondo, P. A. (2011). Fishers and fish traders of Lake Victoria: Colonial of fish and the development of fish production in Kenya, 1880–1978 [Doctoral dissertation, West Virginia University].

Osogo, J. (1973). The peoples of East Africa. Heinemann.

Overton, J. (1989). War and economic underdevelopment? State exploitation and African responses in Kenya, 1914–1918. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 22(2), 227–261.

Palmer, S. (1999). Current port trends in an historical perspective. Journal for Maritime Research, 1(1), 99–111.

Rashid, N. (2014). British colonialism in East-Africa during nineteenth century. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(3), 8–11.

Schimmelfennig, F. (2018). Regional integration theory. In Oxford research encyclopedia of politics. Oxford University Press.

Sunseri, T. (2003). Reinterpreting a colonial rebellion: Forestry and social control in German East Africa, 1874–1915. Environmental History, 8(3), 430–451.

Tignor, R. L. (2006). W. Arthur Lewis and the birth of development economics. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691204246

Uganda Protectorate. (1914–1920). [Archival records]. [Archive and collection information missing].

Uganda Railway. (1914). Annual reports of the general manager on administration of the Uganda Railway, 1913-1914. Uganda Railways Press.

Uganda Railways. (1920). Annual report of the general manager on administration of the Uganda Railways, 1914/1915-1919/1920. Uganda Railways Press.

Uganda Railways. (1921). Annual report of the acting general manager on administration of the Uganda Railways, 1920-1921. Uganda Railways Press.

Yusuff, O. S. (2011). A theoretical analysis of the concept of informal economy and informality in developing countries. European Journal of Social Sciences, 20(4), 624–636.

Copyright & reuse

© 2025 Nashon Budi. Authors retain copyright in their work. Reuse is permitted under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 when the authors and original publication are credited.

License terms · Copyright policy

Disclaimer

The claims in this article belong to its authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of their institutions, Boston Research Journals, editors or reviewers. Publication does not constitute endorsement of a product or manufacturer’s claim.

Published

2025-09-15

Publication record

Accepted
2025-09-01
Published
2025-09-15
Pages in issue
5 - 12
Online ISSN
2834-4863
Print ISSN
2834-4855

Peer reviewed research

Review by at least two independent experts under a double-blind process.

Peer review process ↗

Author connections

Nashon BudiCorresponding authorORCID ↗ResearchGate ↗
Connect through Research Circle ↗

Copyright & access

🟢 Open Access | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

View license terms ↗

Preservation & archival

Boston Research Journals Cloud

Long-term preservation with BRJ Cloud.

View archival policy ↗

Published by BRJ

Compiled and published in the United States of America.

About Boston Research Journals ↗

Share this research